Exploring the Mechanism of
Mass in Quantum Physics
The True Nature of Mass
The origin of mass has long remained a mystery in physics. The Higgs mechanism provides part of the explanation, but it does not resolve the deeper question: what is the origin of the Higgs field itself? Some theories propose that the Higgs field could represent an additional fifth dimension (x, y, z, t, H). However, this interpretation conflicts with general relativity, which has been experimentally validated thousands of times and operates strictly within four dimensions. Several other alternative theories have also been proposed.
In the Spacetime Model, mass emerges naturally from the curvature of spacetime alone — without invoking any fifth dimension. In this view, mass results entirely from the 4D geometry of spacetime, making the Higgs mechanism unnecessary.
Rational Explanation of Mass
Mass and gravitation would thus be two manifestations of the same phenomenon: the curvature of spacetime. The pressure exerted by this curvature prevents objects from moving freely. From an external viewpoint, this resistance may appear as an increase in mass, since the observable effect is the same.
The sequence leading to the emergence of mass is as follows:
- A mass-volume (a volume containing mass) induces curvature in spacetime.
- A pressure develops on the surface of this volume.
- This pressure restricts the free movement of the mass-volume.
- This resistance is interpreted as an increase in mass.
This phenomenon is referred to on this website as the "mass effect". In our book (see the footnote), we demonstrate mathematically that mass is related to the mass-volume through a relation of the form M = f(v).
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Examples of Mass and Volume
The example of the ball in a glass of water, introduced in the previous chapter, offers a compelling analogy for understanding the phenomenon of mass creation.
- Ball in a vacuum: In a vacuum, the ball moves freely because it encounters no opposing force.
- Ball in water: When the ball is immersed in water, it experiences resistance that hinders its free movement. This resistance arises from the pressure exerted by the water on the surface of the ball. This opposing force is analogous to mass.
From a distant perspective, the ball appears to have gained mass, as it requires more energy to move. However, this is an illusion — its intrinsic mass remains unchanged. The apparent increase is due to the pressure of the surrounding medium (water) acting on its surface.
The same principle applies in physics: it is the pressure of spacetime on mass-volumes that restricts their freedom of movement. This resistance gives the impression that mass has been created.
Here is another example below. Let’s compare two objects, an eraser, and a pen twice as heavy as the eraser. The pen has twice as many nuclei as the gum.
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Overview: How Mass Emerges
from Spacetime Curvature
Mass is generated through a three-phase process:
- A mass-volume or hermetic volume induces curvature in spacetime. Spacetime cannot penetrate these volumes — it bends around them.
- As a result of spacetime’s elastic properties, pressure develops on the surface of these mass-volumes.
- This pressure restricts the free movement of the volumes. From an external perspective, this resistance is equivalent to an increase in mass.
The following page explains how gravitation works. As you will see, mass and gravitation are essentially the same phenomenon — both arise from the curvature of spacetime around mass-volumes.